BruinMan wrote I see some bad answers and some very good correct answers. This is what I found out for my X5.
2021 M50i relies on BMW’s traditional 12-volt Brake Energy Regeneration system.
How it actually works on your V8 M50i Intelligent Alternator Control:
Instead of a hybrid electric motor, the vehicle uses a specialized AGM 12-volt battery and an intelligent alternator management system.
Decoupling Under Load: When you press the gas pedal, the engine management system completely decouples the alternator from the engine. This ensures all 523 horsepower goes directly to the wheels without any parasitic drag from charging the battery.
Energy Capture: When you lift off the accelerator or step on the brakes, the alternator re-engages. It uses the SUV's coasting momentum to spin the alternator, capturing that free kinetic energy and routing it back into your 12-volt battery.
I hope this clears up some confusion.
The 2021 X5 M50i has 2 batteries. Maybe one of them is “specialized.” Perhaps that term defines its purpose as different from the starting battery? My 2018 M5 has only 1 battery and it is lithium ion. I think it still decouples the alternator much of the time and charges when coasting, braking or decelerating. I would call that more of a smart alternative control than regenerative braking. It is not like the braking creates energy that is turned into electricity. The charging while braking seems no more efficient than the charging while coasting or decelerating.